This fern is deciduous so all its fronds will die back in autumn, then fresh new growth appears again each spring.

• Position: partial shade
• Soil: moderately fertile, damp soil with a neutral to acidic pH
• Rate of growth: average
• Hardiness: borderline hardy (may need winter protection in colder regions)
  
  Found colonising reliably moist spots from Mexico to southwestern Canada, this impressive evergreen fern offers height, drama and year-round interest with its large handsome, dark green foliage. Spectacular when planted beside a pond or allowed to form a sea of green in a woodland garden.
  
  
• Garden care: Water regularly during the growing season, ensuring that the soil or compost does not dry out while the plant is getting established. Shelter from cold, drying winds and apply a generous layer of protective mulch in autumn. Remove any tatty or damaged fronds in early spring before the new growth emerges.